What does "access control" refer to in security?

Access control refers specifically to the methods used to prevent unauthorized access to facilities, systems, or information. It encompasses a range of techniques and practices designed to ensure that only individuals who possess the appropriate permissions or credentials are allowed entry or access. This can involve physical measures, such as locks and security guards, as well as digital measures, such as password protection and biometric scanners.

In the context of security, access control is critical for safeguarding sensitive areas or information from potential threats, thereby maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of resources. It ensures that access is granted based on established guidelines, helping to mitigate risks and enhance overall security.

Other options focus on different aspects of security management. Managing security personnel pertains more to the administration and operation of security teams rather than controlling access directly. Protocols for surveillance and monitoring emphasize observing and recording activities but do not specifically address how access is controlled. Similarly, strategies for incident response relate to how security issues are handled after they occur rather than preventing unauthorized access in the first place.